The essay departs from a detailed discussion of Jakobson’s description of the »poetic function.« It comes to the conclusion that the distinctive feature of poetic language, defined by Jakobson as the production of paradigmatic similarity, cannot be understood as a result of the projection of the paradigmatic axis of language onto its syntagmatic axis. Furthermore, the semantic effect of these similarities does not consist exclusively in a production of ambivalence; frequently, they produce coherence, as can be shown with reference to (...) examples of metaphors, metonymies and allegories. In a second step, the essay turns to a detailed interpretation of the 8th sonnet of Petrarch’s Canzoniere, which examines its intertextual relations to other son- nets of this cycle as well as those to scholastic theology and Platonic philosophy. This interpretation further develops the idea that poetic language produces coherence; for, precisely those lines that at first seem incomprehensible can be understood as implicit propositions and coherencecreating statements. In its concluding section, the paper characterizes the implicit production of coherence as the specific feature of poetic language and discusses the necessity of a hermeneutics of literary texts. (shrink)

Gentzen writes in the published version of his doctoral thesis Untersuchungen über das logische Schliessen that he was able to prove the normalization theorem only for intuitionistic natural deduction, but not for classical. To cover the latter, he developed classical sequent calculus and proved a corresponding theorem, the famous cut elimination result. Its proof was organized so that a cut elimination result for an intuitionistic sequent calculus came out as a special case, namely the one in which the sequents have (...) at most one formula in the right, succedent part. Thus, there was no need for a direct proof of normalization for intuitionistic natural deduction. The only traces of such a proof in the published thesis are some convertibilities, such as when an implication introduction is followed by an implication elimination [1934–35, II.5.13]. It remained to Dag Prawitz in 1965 to work out a proof of normalization. Another, less known proof was given also in 1965 by Andres Raggio.We found in February 2005 an early handwritten version of Gentzen's thesis, with exactly the above title, but with rather different contents: Most remarkably, it contains a detailed proof of normalization for what became the standard system of natural deduction. The manuscript is located in the Paul Bernays collection at the ETH-Zurichwith the signum Hs. 974: 271. Bernays must have gotten it well before the time of his being expelled from Göttingen on the basis of the racial laws in April 1933. (shrink)

This paper provides an overview of the development of Jewish studies in Germany since reunification. After a brief historical review of the subject in the nineteenth century with the development of modern Reform Judaism and the science of Judaism created by Jewish religious and secular scholars, it focuses on the development of the past thirty years, in which not only the Jewish community but also Jewish studies have increased in importance. The growth of the Jewish community was largely due to (...) immigration from the Soviet Union, but also partly to young Israelis who moved to Berlin. In line with these different backgrounds, a new interest in diaspora research emerged. The paper also deals with the difference between German Jewish studies and those of most other countries, where Jewish studies are mainly designed by Jewish scholars. (shrink)

En dépit de l'apparente diversité de leurs objets, les deux parties qui composent cette Introduction à la philosophie de la mythologie traduisent un unique dessein : opposer à la dialectique hégélienne alors triomphante une dialectique plus authentique, car reconduite à sa source grecque - chez Platon, mais aussi, de manière plus inattendue, chez Aristote. Le ressort de cette dialectique consiste dans l'auto-élimination progressive de tout ce qui est de l'ordre de l'hypothèse, du possible, de la " puissance ", pour que (...) surgisse, à la fin, la singularité nue et inébranlable d'un fait. La première partie, la plus anciennement rédigée, applique cette méthode à la mythologie, et, après avoir fait s'effondrer les différentes " explications "de celle-ci, débouche sur l'historicité radicale du processus au long duquel, dans la métamorphose réglée des dieux, se constitue la " religion sauvage "de l'humanité. La seconde partie, qui représente en philosophie le dernier mot de Schelling, va soumettre au travail dialectique le contenu le plus immédiat de la pensée, l'idée de l'Être (ou de l'Etant,?????, comme préfère dire Schelling, là encore fidèle aux Grecs), dont la patiente et minutieuse déconstruction dégagera le noyau caché, l'acte pur d'exister, que la raison ne peut plus contenir et qu'elle doit poser hors d'elle-même comme le point de départ d'une philosophie encore inouïe - la philosophie positive. Tentative de comprendre la religion immémoriale du passé, tentative de fonder la religion spirituelle de l'avenir, l'Introduction à la philosophie de la mythologie, mêlant la plus grandiose ambition à l'érudition la plus pointue, nous offre le testament intellectuel de celui qui fut le dernier survivant de l'idéalisme allemand. (shrink)

ArgumentThis paper brings together the history of risk and the history of DNA repair, a biological phenomenon that emerged as a research field in between molecular biology, genetics, and radiation research in the 1960s. The case of xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), an inherited hypersensitivity to UV light and, hence, a disposition to skin cancer will be the starting point to argue that, in the 1970s and 1980s, DNA repair became entangled in the creation of new models of the human body at (...) risk – what is here conceptually referred to as the vulnerability aspect of body history – and new attempts at cancer prevention and enhancement of the body associated with the new flourishing research areas of antimutagenesis and anticarcinogenesis. The aim will be to demonstrate that DNA repair created special attempts at disease prevention: molecular enhancement, seeking to identify means to increase the self-repair abilities of the body at the molecular level. Prevention in this sense meant enhancing the body's ability to cope with the environmental hazards of an already toxic world. This strategy has recently been adopted by the beauty industry, which introduced DNA care as a new target for skin care research and anti-aging formulas. (shrink)

Einleitung.--Die Natur.--Die Ethik.--Die Kunst.--Schluss.

Symposium in Helsinki, 24-27 August 1970 / Entretiens de Helsinki, 24-27 août 1970.